{"id":10829,"date":"2026-05-27T01:04:37","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T01:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masyphn.com\/?p=10829"},"modified":"2026-05-27T01:09:45","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T01:09:45","slug":"what-exactly-are-micrornas-mirnas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/masyphn.com\/fr\/what-exactly-are-micrornas-mirnas\/","title":{"rendered":"Que sont exactement les microARN (miARN) ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10829\" class=\"elementor elementor-10829\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4457494 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4457494\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4779cfb\" data-id=\"4779cfb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b52e52a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b52e52a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/masyphn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/blog_was_sind_micrornas-1024x640.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10833\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/masyphn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/blog_was_sind_micrornas-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/masyphn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/blog_was_sind_micrornas-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/masyphn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/blog_was_sind_micrornas-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/masyphn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/blog_was_sind_micrornas.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ced36dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ced36dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules with a length of about 18 to 25 nucleotides. They play a crucial role in gene regulation (epigenetics) by inhibiting the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) or promoting its degradation. In this way, they influence numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and development.<\/strong><\/p><h3>Biosynthesis of microRNAs<\/h3><p>The biosynthesis of miRNAs occurs in several steps:<\/p><ol><li><strong>Transcription:<\/strong>\u00a0miRNAs are first transcribed as primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) by RNA polymerase II or III.<\/li><li><strong>Processing in the cell nucleus<\/strong>\u00a0The enzyme Drosha cleaves the pri-miRNA into a precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) approximately 70 nucleotides long.<\/li><li><strong>Transport to the cytoplasm:<\/strong>\u00a0The pre-miRNA is transported to the cytoplasm by exportin-5.<\/li><li><strong>Maturation in the cytoplasm:<\/strong>\u00a0The enzyme Dicer processes the pre-miRNA into a double-stranded miRNA duplex approximately 22 nucleotides long.<\/li><li><strong>Integration into the RISC complex:<\/strong>\u00a0One of the two strands is integrated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) as the guide strand, while the other strand is degraded.<\/li><li><strong>Gene regulation:<\/strong>\u00a0The mature miRNA binds to complementary sequences of the target mRNA to inhibit its translation or initiate its degradation.<\/li><\/ol><h3>Functions and significance<\/h3><p>miRNAs are involved in many biological processes, including:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Development and differentiation:<\/strong>\u00a0They regulate cell line specialization and organ development.<\/li><li><strong>Disease processes:<\/strong>\u00a0miRNAs are associated with cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and other pathologies.<\/li><li><strong>Immune response:<\/strong>\u00a0They modulate inflammatory responses and the immune system.<\/li><\/ul><h3>Applications in conventional, holistic medicine, and research<\/h3><ol><li><strong>Biomarkers:<\/strong>\u00a0miRNAs can serve as diagnostic markers for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, or infections.<\/li><li><strong>Therapeutic approaches:<\/strong>\u00a0miRNA mimetics (enhancement of miRNA function) and antagomiRs (inhibition of miRNA function) are being investigated as potential therapeutic approaches.<\/li><li><strong>Genomic editing:<\/strong>\u00a0The targeted manipulation of miRNAs may enable future personalized medicine and intervention.<\/li><\/ol><h3>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h3><ol><li>Bartel, D. P. (2004). \u201cMicroRNAs: Genomics, Biogenesis, Mechanism, and Function.\u201d\u00a0<em>Cell<\/em>, 116(2), 281-297.<\/li><li>Ambros, V. (2001). \u201cMicroRNAs: Tiny Regulators with Great Potential.\u201d\u00a0<em>Cell<\/em>, 107(7), 823-826.<\/li><li>Krol, J., Loedige, I., &amp; Filipowicz, W. (2010). \u201cThe widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay.\u201d\u00a0<em>Nature Reviews Genetics<\/em>, 11(9), 597-610.<\/li><\/ol><p>MicroRNAs are therefore essential regulators of biological processes with great potential for lifestyle, medicine, and biotechnology.<\/p><p>In 2024, the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to US researchers Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun. They were honored for their discovery of microRNA and its role in gene regulation. These small RNA molecules are crucial for controlling gene activity and influence numerous biological processes. MicroRNAs are considered THE newly discovered biomarkers that exert a causal influence on our organism.<\/p><p>Victor Ambros is a professor of molecular medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, while Gary Ruvkun is a professor at Harvard Medical School.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/medicine\/2024\/press-release\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/medicine\/2024\/press-release\/<\/a><\/p><p>Studies suggest that phytonutrients can modulate the expression of miRNAs. This means that they can influence the activity of miRNAs and thereby alter gene expression.<\/p><p>This mechanism could explain how phytonutrients exert their health-promoting effects. For example, certain phytonutrients have been shown to influence the expression of miRNAs involved in cancer development, inflammation, and metabolic regulation. One study examines the microRNA-mediated health-promoting effects of phytonutrients. The study demonstrates that phytonutrients can regulate the expression of various microRNAs.<\/p><p>MicroRNAs are involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Phytonutrients regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs, which usually leads to the degradation or translational repression of the target mRNA.<\/p><h3>References:<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/ethz.ch\/de\/news-und-veranstaltungen\/eth-news\/news\/2022\/10\/wie-die-genetik-ausserhalb-von-genen-unser-koerpergewicht-beeinflusst.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ethz.ch\/de\/news-und-veranstaltungen\/eth-news\/news\/2022\/10\/wie-die-genetik-ausserhalb-von-genen-unser-koerpergewicht-beeinflusst.html<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ots.at\/presseaussendung\/OTS_20190828_OTS0105\/nussmolekuele-koennen-das-entzuendungs-und-stoffwechselprofil-von-fettzellen-guenstig-beeinflussen?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ots.at\/presseaussendung\/OTS_20190828_OTS0105\/nussmolekuele-koennen-das-entzuendungs-und-stoffwechselprofil-von-fettzellen-guenstig-beeinflussen?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpg.de\/8973715\/mpip_jb_2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.mpg.de\/8973715\/mpip_jb_2014<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/dzhk.de\/newsroom\/aktuelles\/news\/artikel\/erste-microrna-therapie-fuer-das-herz-funktioniert-beim-menschen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/dzhk.de\/newsroom\/aktuelles\/news\/artikel\/erste-microrna-therapie-fuer-das-herz-funktioniert-beim-menschen\/<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40664-024-00555-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40664-024-00555-y<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules with a length of about 18 to 25 nucleotides. They play a crucial role in gene regulation (epigenetics) by inhibiting the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) or promoting its degradation. In this way, they influence numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and development. Biosynthesis of microRNAs [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10833,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[113],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nutagen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What exactly are microRNAs (miRNAs)? - Official Website for MASYP HN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/masyphn.com\/fr\/what-exactly-are-micrornas-mirnas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What exactly are microRNAs (miRNAs)? - Official Website for MASYP HN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules with a length of about 18 to 25 nucleotides. They play a crucial role in gene regulation (epigenetics) by inhibiting the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) or promoting its degradation. In this way, they influence numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and development. 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